Anxiety and depression, as with other cognitive and mental dysfunctions, are often just responses to stress. Whether the stressors are environmental, biological, or emotional, the brain responds in an effort to deal with it. This is a survival strategy that allows us to avoid dangers in our environment. But when the stress response is prolonged beyond its evolved ability, damage to function and structure ensue. Recent epidemiology findings and studies show that 50% of individuals in the US reported that stress negatively impacted their lives, and the WHO dubbed it the “Health Epidemic of the 21st Century”.   

Anxiety is not just the feeling of being worried or stressed. in cases where the stressor is prolonged or extreme, can leave the individual with chronic feelings of worry and foreboding. This is one of the main characteristics of Generalized Anxiety Disorder as classified by the internationally recognized Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Depression is not just the feeling of sadness, sorrow, grief, or despair. When negative emotion is prolonged with an intensity that renders the individual incapacitated and unable to function in their personal life, it is considered to be clinically relevant and labelled as Major Depression Disorder, as defined by the DSM-5.

The study of brain waves (electorencephalogram/EEG) has had decades of research, and shown that there are unique features of brain wave activity that have a high diagnostic value for predicting anxiety and depression. Since anxiety and depression are both the common downstream effects of stress, the most well-known hallmark of the occurrence of either one, is in the presentation of what is referred to as “frontal Alpha asymmetry”. A specific ratio of Alpha and Beta brain waves between the left side and the right side of the frontal lobe, have been firmly associated with reports of anxiety or depression. There are also other EEG features of anxiety, such as excess of fast activity in central and midline regions of the brain, that have shown to be fairly consistent. 

Unlike psychiatric medication, neurofeedback uses visual and auditory digital signals to reinforce a certain type of brain activity. This is done through a process known as operant conditioning, where patterns of neural activity are more permanently established, and retain their longevity long after the training. 

​

Beyond just mere symptom management, neurofeedback targets the very core of a pathology by influencing neurological activity of the brain, which sits at the root of an individual’s conscious experience. Neurofeedback serves as a reminder of how the brain is a powerful, complex, and mysterious asset in our lives. The emergence of knowledge about the brain is driven by the advent of modern science and offers tangible hope both for those who suffer from its dysfunction as much as those who wish to explore the limits of human performance. The cutting-edge technology that brings neurofeedback into direct interaction with the brain presages a revolution not only to the domain of public health but to the very relationship that individuals have to their own bodies and minds.

Stress and the Brain

The role of sleep has been shown to have a dramatic influence on a wide range of health markers, such as cardiovascular and metabolic function. Most importantly it is not as important whether a sleep disorder is the cause of, or the outcome of something else, but that its management/regulation is shown to have immense clinical significance. One of these key features of sleep that has been discovered through technological means is it’s schedule, or stages. The ability of the brain to cycle through 4 distinct stages of sleep, is the defining feature that constitutes healthy sleep performance. This invaluable information has been elucidated through the advances of EEG/electroencephalography (brain wave) technology, which are measurements of the electrical activity emitted by different regions of the brain, often expressed in cycles per second (Hertz/Hz). Every stage of sleep has a unique brainwave profile associated with it, and one of the deepest stages of non-REM sleep has been defined by the prevalence of the slowest brain wave “Delta”